făcĭo, facere
(Source of face, fact, factor, factory, suffixes -fy, -ify, -ficial and -ficient)
făcĭo , fēci, factum, 3, v. a. and n.; in
I.pass.: fīo, factus, fĭĕri (
imper. usually fac, but the arch form face is freq., esp. in Plaut. and Ter., as
Plaut. As. prol. 4;
1, 1, 77;
id. Aul. 2, 1, 30;
id. Cist. 2, 1, 28;
id. Ep. 1, 1, 37;
2, 2, 117;
id. Most. 3, 2, 167 et saep.;
Ter. And. 4, 1, 57;
4, 2, 29;
5, 1, 2; 14;
id. Eun. 1, 2, 10 al.;
Cato, R. R. 23, 1;
26;
32 al.;
Cat. 63, 78;
79;
82; Ov. Med. fac. 60;
Val. Fl. 7, 179 al.;
futur. facie for faciam, Cato ap.
Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. dico,
init., and the letter e: “
faxo,”
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 199;
2, 1, 42;
3, 3, 17; 3, 4, 14; 5, 1, 55 et saep.;
Ter. And. 5, 2, 13;
id. Eun. 2, 2, 54;
4, 3, 21 al.;
Verg. A. 9, 154;
12, 316;
Ov. M. 3, 271;
12, 594: faxim, Enn. ap.
Non. 507, 23;
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 13;
id. Aul. 3, 2, 6;
3, 5, 20 al.;
Ter. And. 4, 4, 14;
id. Heaut. 1, 2, 13: “
faxis,”
Hor. S. 2, 3, 38;
Sil. 15, 362: faxit, Lex Numae in Paul. ex Fest. s. v. ALIVTA, p. 6 Müll.; Fragm. XII. Tab. ap.
Gell. 20, 1, 12;
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 90;
3, 5, 54;
id. Cas. 3, 5, 6 al.;
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 24;
id. Phorm. 3, 3, 21: “
faximus,”
Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 40: faxitis, an old form in
Liv. 23, 11, 2;
25, 12, 10;
29, 27, 3: “
faxint,”
Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 85;
id. Aul. 2, 1, 27;
2, 2, 79 al.;
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 109;
id. Hec. 1, 2, 27;
3, 2, 19;
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 35, § 81;
id. Fam. 14, 3, 3.—In
pass. imper.: “
fi,”
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 87;
Hor. S. 2, 5, 38;
Pers. 1, 1, 39: “
fite,”
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 89 al.—
Indic.: facitur, Nigid. ap.
Non. 507, 15: fitur, Cato ap.
Prisc. p. 789: “
fiebantur,”
id. ib.: fitum est, Liv. Andron. ap.
Non. 475, 16.—
Subj.: faciatur, Titin. ib.—
Inf.: fiere, Enn. ap.
Charis. p. 75 P.; Ann. v. 15, ed. Vahl.; Laev. ap.
Gell. 19, 7, 10.—On the long i of fit, v. Ritschl, prol. p. 184, and cf.
Plaut. Capt. prol. 25: ut fit in bello) [prob. root bha-; Sanscr. bhasas, light; Gr.
φα-, in
φαίνω, φημί; cf. fax, facetiae, facilis, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 423.—But Curt. refers facio to root
θε- (strengthened THEK), Griech. Etym. p. 64],
to make in all senses, to do, perform, accomplish, prepare, produce, bring to pass, cause, effect, create, commit, perpetrate, form, fashion, etc. (cf. in gen.: “
ago, factito, reddo, operor, tracto): verbum facere omnem omnino faciendi causam complectitur, donandi, solvendi, judicandi, ambulandi, numerandi,”
Dig. 50, 16, 218.
I. Act.
A. In gen.
(α). With
acc.: ut faber, cum quid aedificaturus est, non ipse facit materiam, sed ea utitur, quae sit parata, etc. ... Quod si non est a deo materia facta, ne terra quidem et aqua et aër et ignis a deo factus est, Cic. N. D. Fragm. ap.
Lact. 2, 8 (Cic. ed. Bait. 7, p. 121): “
sphaera ab Archimede facta,”
Cic. Rep. 1, 14: “
fecitque idem et sepsit de manubiis comitium et curiam,”
id. ib. 2, 17: “
aedem,”
id. ib. 2, 20: “
pontem in Arari faciundum curat,”
Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 1: “
castra,”
id. ib. 1, 48, 2;
Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4: “
faber vasculum fecit,”
Quint. 7, 10, 9: “
classem,”
Caes. B. G. 4, 21, 4: “
cenas et facere et obire,”
Cic. Att. 9, 13, 6: “
ignem lignis viridibus,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 17, § 45: “
poëma,”
to compose,
id. Pis. 29, 70: “
carmina,”
Juv. 7, 28: “
versus,”
id. 7, 38: “
sermonem,”
Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 1; cf. “
litteram,”
id. Ac. 2, 2, 6: ludos,
to celebrate,
exhibit = edere,
id. Rep. 2, 20;
id. Att. 15, 10; “
also i. q. ludificari,”
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 47: “
sementes,” i. e.
to sow,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 1: “
messem,”
Col. 2, 10, 28: “
pecuniam,”
to make,
acquire,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17: “
manum (with parare copias),”
to collect,
prepare,
id. Caecin. 12, 33; so, “
cohortes,”
Caes. B. C. 3, 87, 4: “
exercitum,”
Vell. 2, 109, 2; and: “
auxilia mercede,”
Tac. A. 6, 33: “
iter,”
Cic. Att. 3, 1;
id. Planc. 26, 65;
id. Div. 1, 33, 73 et saep.; cf. “
also the phrases: aditum sibi ad aures,”
Quint. 4, 1, 46: “
admirationem alicujus rei alicui,”
to excite,
Liv. 25, 11, 18;
Sen. Ep. 115: “
aes alienum,”
Cic. Att. 13, 46, 4;
Liv. 2, 23, 5;
Sen. Ep. 119, 1: “
alienationem disjunctionemque,”
Cic. Lael. 21, 76: “
animum alicui,”
Liv. 25, 11, 10: “
arbitrium de aliquo,”
to decide,
Hor. C. 4, 7, 21; “
opp. arbitrium alicui in aliqua re,” i. e.
to leave the decision to one,
Liv. 43, 15, 5: “
audaciam hosti,”
id. 29, 34, 10: “
audientiam orationi,”
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 13, 42: “
auspicium alicui,”
Liv. 1, 34, 9;
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 86: “
auctoritatem,”
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 43: “
bellum,”
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35;
Caes. B. G. 3, 29, 2: “
multa bona alicui,”
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 46: “
castra,”
to pitch,
Tac. H. 5, 1: “
caulem,”
to form,
Col. Arb. 54: “
clamores,”
to make,
raise,
Cic. Brut. 95, 326: “
cognomen alicui,”
to give,
Liv. 1, 3, 9: “
commercium sermonis,”
id. 5, 15, 5: “
concitationes,”
Caes. B. C. 3, 106 fin.: “
conjurationes,”
to form,
id. B. G. 4, 30 fin.: “
consuetudinem alicui cum altero,”
Cic. Fam. 13, 23, 1: “
consilia alicui,”
Liv. 35, 42, 8: “
contentionem cum aliquo,”
Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137: “
controversiam,”
to occasion,
id. Or. 34, 121: “
convicium magnum alicui,”
id. Fam. 10, 16, 1: “
copiam pugnandi militibus,”
Liv. 7, 13, 10: “
corpus,”
to grow fat,
corpulent,
Cels. 7, 3 fin.;
Phaedr. 3, 7, 5: “
curam,”
Tac. A. 3, 52: “
damnum,”
to suffer,
Cic. Brut. 33, 125: “
detrimentum,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20: “
desiderium alicujus, rei alicui,”
Liv. 3, 34, 7;
7, 24, 10: “
dicta,”
Ov. F. 2, 375;
3, 515: “
difficultatem,”
Quint. 10, 3, 10 and 16: “
discordiam,”
to cause,
Tac. H. 3, 48: “
discrimen,”
Quint. 7, 2, 14;
11, 1, 43: “
disjunctionem (with alienationem),”
Cic. Lael. 21, 76: “
dolorem alicui,”
id. Att. 11, 8, 2: “
dulcedinem,”
Sen. Ep. 111: “
eloquentiam alicui (ira),”
Quint. 6, 2, 26: “
epigramma,”
to write,
Cic. Arch. 10, 25: “
errorem,”
Sen. Ep. 67: “
eruptiones ex oppido,”
Caes. B. C. 2, 2, 5: “
exemplum,”
Quint. 5, 2, 2: exempla = edere
or statuere,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 66. exercitum,
to raise,
muster,
Tac. A. 6, 33: “
exspectationem,”
Quint. 9, 2, 23: “
facinus,”
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 1;
Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 95;
Tac. A. 12, 31: “
facultatem recte judicandi alicui,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 73, § 179: “
fallaciam,”
Ter. And. 1, 8, 7: “
famam ingenii,”
Quint. 11, 2, 46: “
fastidium,”
Liv. 3, 1, 7: “
favorem alicui,”
id. 42, 14, 10;
Quint. 4, 1, 33: “
fidem alicui,”
Cic. Cat. 3, 2, 4;
id. Att. 7, 8, 1;
Quint. 6, 2, 18: “
finem,”
Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16;
id. Rep. 2, 44: “
formidinem,”
to excite,
Tac. H. 3, 10: “
fortunam magnam (with parare),”
Liv. 24, 22, 9: “
fraudem,”
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9;
Cic. Att. 4, 12: “
fugam fecerunt, stronger than fugerunt,”
Liv. 8, 9, 12 Weissenb.;
Sall. J. 53, 3; “
but: cum fugam in regia fecisset (sc. ceterorum),”
Liv. 1, 56, 4; so, “
fugam facere = fugare,”
id. 21, 5, 16;
21, 52, 10: “
fugam hostium facere,”
id. 22, 24, 8;
26, 4, 8 al.: “
gestum vultu,”
Quint. 11, 3, 71: “
gradum,”
Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249;
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 3;
Quint. 3, 6, 8: “
gratiam alicujus rei,”
Liv. 3, 56, 4;
8, 34, 3: “
gratulationem alicui,”
Cic. Fam. 11, 18, 3;
Sen. Ep. 6: “
gratum alicui,”
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 56;
Cic. Rep. 1, 21; cf.: “
gratissimum alicui,”
id. Fam. 7, 21 fin.: “
histrioniam,”
Plaut. Am. prol. 152: “
homicidium,”
to commit,
Quint. 5, 9, 9: “
hospitium cum aliquo,”
Cic. Balb. 18, 42: “
imperata,”
Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 3: “
impetum in hostem,”
Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 34;
Liv. 25, 11, 2: “
incursionem,”
Liv. 3, 38, 3: “
indicium,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 57, § 150: “
inducias,”
id. Phil. 8, 7, 20: “
initium,”
to begin,
id. Agr. 2, 29, 79; cf.: “
initia ab aliquo,”
id. Rep. 1, 19: “
injuriam,”
id. ib. 3, 14 (opp. accipere);
Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 4;
Quint. 3, 6, 49;
10, 1, 115: “
insidias alicui,”
Cic. Mil. 9, 23: “
iram,”
Quint. 6, 1, 14: “
jacturam,”
Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89;
id. Fin. 2, 24, 79;
Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 7: “
judicium,”
Cic. Att. 7, 23, 2: “
judicatum,”
to execute,
id. Fl. 20, 48: “
jus alicui,”
Liv. 32, 13, 6: “
jussa,”
Ov. F. 1, 379: “
laetitiam,”
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25: “
largitiones,”
id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48: “
locum poëtarum mendacio,”
Curt. 3, 1, 4: “
locum alicui rei,”
Cels. 2, 14 fin.;
7, 4, 3;
Curt. 4, 11, 8;
Sen. Ep. 91, 13 et saep.: “
longius,”
Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 22 al.: “
valde magnum,”
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7: “
medicinam alicui,”
to administer,
id. Fam. 14, 7: “
memoriam,”
Quint. 11, 2, 4: “
mentionem,”
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 11, 2: “
metum,”
to excite,
Tac. A. 6, 36: “
turbida lux metum insidiarum faciebat,”
suggested,
Liv. 10, 33, 5: “
metum alicui,”
id. 9, 41, 11: “
missum aliquem,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134: “
modum irae,”
Liv. 4, 50, 4: “
moram,”
Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1;
Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 72: “
morem alicujus rei sibi,”
Liv. 35, 35, 13: “
motus,”
id. 28, 46, 8: multam alicui, Cato ap.
Gell. 11, 1, 6: “
munditias,”
id. R. R. 2, 4: “
mutationem,”
Cic. Sest. 12, 27;
id. Off. 1, 33, 120: “
multa alicui,”
id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 16: “
naufragium,”
to suffer,
id. Fam. 16, 9, 1: “
negotium alicui,”
to give to do,
make trouble for,
Quint. 5, 12, 13;
Just. 21, 4, 4: “
nomen alicui,”
Liv. 8, 15, 8; cf. “
nomina,”
to incur debts,
Cic. Off. 3, 14, 59: “
odium vitae,”
Plin. 20, 18, 76, § 199: “
officium suum,”
Ter. Phorm. 4, 5, 12: “
omnia amici causa,”
Cic. Lael. 10, 35;
id. Fam. 5, 11, 2: “
opinionem alicui,”
id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45: “
orationem,”
id. de Or. 1, 14, 63;
id. Brut. 8, 30;
id. Or. 51, 172: “
otia alicui,”
to grant,
Verg. E. 1, 6: “
pacem,”
to conclude,
Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109: “
pecuniam ex aliqua re,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17: “
periculum,”
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 23;
id. Heaut. 2, 1, 9;
Tac. A. 13, 33;
16, 19;
Sall. C. 33, 1: perniciem alicui,
to cause, = parare,
Tac. H. 2, 70: “
planum,”
Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 54: “
potestatem,”
id. Cat. 3, 5, 11;
id. Rep. 2, 28: “
praedam,”
Caes. B. G. 4, 34, 5;
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 156;
Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 8: “
praedas ab aliquo,”
Nep. Chabr. 2, 2: “
proelium,”
to join,
Caes. B. G. 1, 13;
Cic. Deiot. 5, 13;
Liv. 25, 1, 5;
Tac. H. 4, 79;
id. A. 12, 40: “
promissum,”
Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95: “
pudorem,”
Liv. 3, 31, 3: “
ratum,”
id. 28, 39, 16: “
rem,”
Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 12: “
reum,”
to accuse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38: risum, Cael. ap.
Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1;
Quint. 6, 1, 40;
48: “
scelus,”
to commit,
Tac. H. 1, 40: “
securitatem alicui,”
Liv. 36, 41, 1: “
sermonem,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66: “
significationem ignibus,”
Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 3: “
silentium,”
Liv. 24, 7, 12: “
somnum,”
to induce,
Juv. 3, 282: “
spem,”
Cic. Att. 3, 16;
Liv. 30, 3, 7: “
spiritus,”
id. 30, 11, 3: “
stercus,”
Col. 2, 15: “
stipendia,”
Sall. J. 63, 3;
Liv. 3, 27, 1;
5, 7, 5: “
stomachum alicui,”
Cic. Att. 5, 11, 2;
id. Fam. 1, 9, 10: “
suavium alicui,”
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 53: “
suspicionem,”
Cic. Fl. 33, 83: “
taedium alicujus rei,”
Liv. 4, 57, 11: “
terrorem iis,”
to inflict,
id. 10, 25, 8: “
timorem,”
to excite,
id. 6, 28, 8: “
mihi timorem,”
Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 2: “
totum,”
Dig. 28, 5, 35: “
transitum alicui,”
Liv. 26, 25, 3: “
turbam,”
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 2: “
urinam,”
Col. 6, 19: “
usum,”
Quint. 10, 3, 28: “
vadimonium,”
Cic. Quint. 18, 57: “
verbum, verba,”
to speak,
talk,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 147: “
verbum,”
to invent,
id. Fin. 3, 15, 51: “
versus,”
id. Q. Fr. 3, 5: “
vestigium,”
id. Rab. Post. 17, 47: viam sibi,
Liv. 3, 5, 6: “
vim alicui or in aliquem,”
id. 38, 24, 4;
3, 5, 5: “
vires,”
to get,
acquire,
Quint. 10, 3, 3: “
vitium,”
Cic. Top. 3, 15 al.—
(β). With
ut,
ne,
quin, or the simple
subj.: “
faciam, ut ejus diei locique meique semper meminerit,”
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 20: “
facere ut remigret domum,”
id. Pers. 4, 6, 3;
id. Capt. 3, 4, 78;
4, 2, 77: “
ea, quantum potui, feci, ut essent nota nostris,”
Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 8: “
facito, ut sciam,”
id. Att. 2, 4, 4: “
non potuisti ullo modo facere, ut mihi illam epistolam non mitteres,”
id. ib. 11, 21, 1: “
si facis ut patriae sit idoneus,”
Juv. 14, 71: “
ut nihil ad te dem litterarum facere non possum,”
Cic. Ac. 8, 14, 1; for which, with
quin: “
facere non possum, quin ad te mittam,”
I cannot forbear sending,
id. ib. 12, 27, 2: “
fecisti, ut ne cui maeror tuus calamitatem afferret,”
id. Clu. 60, 168: “
fac, ne quid aliud cures,”
id. Fam. 16, 11, 1: “
domi assitis, facite,”
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 53: “
fac fidele sis fidelis,”
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 79: “
fac cupidus mei videndi sis,”
Cic. Fam. 5, 21, 5: “
fac cogites,”
id. ib. 11, 3, 4.—In
pass.: “
fieri potest, ut recte quis sentiat, etc.,”
Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 6: potest fieri, ut iratus dixerit, etc., Crass. ap.
Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 285: “
nec fieri possit, ut non statim alienatio facienda sit,”
id. Lael. 21, 76; so with
ut non,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190 (Zumpt, Gram. § 539).—
(γ). With
inf. = efficere, curare,
to cause (rare): “
nulla res magis talis oratores videri facit,”
Cic. Brut. 38, 142;
Pall. 6, 12: “
aspectus arborum macrescere facit volucres inclusas,”
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 3; Sall. Fragm. ap.
Sen. Ep. 114: “
qui nati coram me cernere letum Fecisti,”
Verg. A. 2, 539;
Ov. H. 17, 174: “
mel ter infervere facito,”
Col. 12, 38, 5 (perh. also in
Ov. H. 6, 100, instead of favet, v. Loers. ad h. l.; cf. infra, B. 4.).—
(δ). Absol.: “
ego plus, quam feci, facere non possum,”
Cic. Fam. 11, 14, 3: “
faciam, ut potero, Laeli,”
id. de Sen. 3, 7; cf.
id. Rep. 1, 24: “
noli putare, pigritia me facere, quod non mea manu scribam,”
id. Att. 16, 15, 1; so, “
facere = hoc or id facere,”
Lucr. 4, 1112 (cf. Munro ad loc.); 1153: vereor ne a te rursus dissentiam.
M. Non facies, Quinte,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33; “
so after scribam,”
id. Att. 16, 16, 15: “
nominaverunt,”
id. Rep. 2, 28, 50; “
after disserere: tu mihi videris utrumque facturus,”
id. ib. 2, 11, 22; “
after fingere: ut facit apud Platonem Socrates,”
id. ib.: “
necesse erit uti epilogis, ut in Verrem Cicero fecit,”
Quint. 6, 1, 54: “
qui dicere ac facere doceat,”
id. 2, 3, 11: “
faciant equites,”
Juv. 7, 14;
Liv. 42, 37, 6: “
petis ut libellos meos recognoscendos curem. Faciam,”
Plin. Ep. 4, 26, 1;
5, 1, 4 et saep. (cf. the use of facio, as
neutr., to resume or recall the meaning of another verb, v. II. E. infra; between that use and this no line can be drawn).
B. In partic.
1. With a double object,
to make a thing into something,
to render it something: “
senatum bene firmum firmiorem vestra auctoritate fecistis,”
Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18: “
te disertum,”
id. ib. 2, 39 fin.: “
iratum adversario judicem,”
id. de Or. 1, 51, 220: “
heredem filiam,”
to appoint,
constitute,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 111: “
aliquem regem,”
Just. 9, 6: “
aliquem ludos,”
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 75: “
aliquem absentem rei capitalis reum,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 93: “
animum dubium,”
id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 27: “
injurias irritas,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 26, § 63: “
vectigalia sibi deteriora,”
Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 4: “
hi consules facti sunt,”
Cic. de Sen. 5, 14: “
disciplina doctior facta civitas,”
id. Rep. 2, 19: “
di ex hominibus facti,”
id. ib. 2, 10; cf.: “
tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti,”
Sall. J. 10, 2.—In
pass.: “
quo tibi sumere depositum clavum fierique tribuno?”
to become a tribune,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 25.—
2. to value,
esteem,
regard a person or thing in any manner (like the Engl.
make, in the phrase
to make much of).—Esp. with
gen. pretii: “
in quo perspicere posses, quanti te, quanti Pompeium, quem unum ex omnibus facio, ut debeo, plurimi, quanti Brutum facerem,”
Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 2: “
te quotidie pluris feci,”
id. ib. 3, 4, 2: “
voluptatem virtus minimi facit,”
id. Fin. 2, 13, 42: “
dolorem nihili facere,”
to care nothing for,
to despise,
id. ib. 27, 88: “
nihili facio scire,”
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 42: “
negat se magni facere, utrum, etc.,”
Quint. 11, 1, 38: “
parum id facio,”
Sall. J. 85, 31: si illi aliter nos faciant quam aequum sit.
Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 43.—
3. With
gen.,
to make a thing
the property of a person,
subject it to him: omnia, quae mulieris fuerunt, viri fiunt,
Cic. Top. 4, 23.—Esp.: facere aliquid dicionis alicujus,
to reduce to subjection under a person or power: “
omnem oram Romanae dicionis fecit,”
Liv. 21, 60, 3: “
dicionis alienae facti,”
id. 1, 25, 13;
5, 27, 14; cf.: ut munus imperii beneficii sui faceret,
to make it (
seem)
his own bounty,
Just. 13, 4, 9: “
ne delecto imperatore alio sui muneris rempublicam faceret,”
Tac. A. 15, 52.—
4. To represent a thing in any manner, to feign, assert, say.—Constr. with acc. and adj. or part., or with acc. and inf.
(β). Acc. and
inf.: “
qui nuper fecit servo currenti in via decesse populum,”
Ter. Heaut. prol. 31: “
fecerat et fetam procubuisse lupam,”
Verg. A. 8, 630; cf.
Ov. M. 6, 109, v. Bach ad h. l.: “
poëtae impendere apud inferos saxum Tantalo faciunt,”
Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 35: “
quem (Herculem) Homerus apud inferos conveniri facit ab Ulixe,”
id. N. D. 3, 16, 41: “
Plato construi a deo mundum facit,”
id. ib. 1, 8, 19: “
Plato Isocratem laudari fecit a Socrate,”
id. Opt. Gen. 6, 17;
id. Brut. 38, 142: “
M. Cicero dicere facit C. Laelium,”
Gell. 17, 5, 1: “
caput esse faciunt ea, quae perspicua dicunt,”
Cic. Fia. 4, 4, 8, v. Madv. ad h. l.—
6. Hypothetically in the
imper. fac,
suppose,
assume: “
fac, quaeso, qui ego sum, esse te,”
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1; cf.: “
fac potuisse,”
id. Phil. 2, 3, 5: “
fac animos non remanere post mortem,”
id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82;
1, 29, 70: “
fac velit,”
Stat. Ach. 2, 241: “
fac velle,”
Verg. A. 4, 540.—
7. In mercant. lang.,
to practise,
exercise,
follow any trade or profession: “
cum mercaturas facerent,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72: “
naviculariam,”
id. ib. 2, 5, 18, § “
46: argentariam,”
id. ib. 2, 5, 49, § 155;
id. Caecin. 4, 10: “
topiariam,”
id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, § 5: “
haruspicinam,”
id. Fam. 6, 18, 1: “
praeconium,”
id. ib.; so, “
piraticam,”
id. Post. Red. in Sen. 5, 11: “
medicinam,”
Phaedr. 1, 14, 2.—
8. In relig. lang., like the Gr.
ῥέζειν,
to perform or
celebrate a religious rite;
to offer sacrifice,
make an offering,
to sacrifice: “
res illum divinas apud eos deos in suo sacrario quotidie facere vidisti,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 8, § 18: “
sacra pro civibus,”
id. Balb. 24, 55: “
sacrificium publicum,”
id. Brut. 14, 56.—
Absol.: “
a sacris patriis Junonis Sospitae, cui omnes consules facere necesse est, consulem avellere,”
Cic. Mur. 41, 90.—With abl.: “
cum faciam vitulā pro frugibus,”
Verg. E. 3, 77: “
catulo,”
Col. 2, 22, 4.—
Pass. impers.: “
cum pro populo fieret,”
Cic. Att. 1, 13, 3: “
quibus diis decemviri ex libris ut fieret, ediderunt,”
Liv. 37, 3, 5.—
9. In gram.,
to make,
form in inflecting: “
cur aper apri et pater patris faciat?”
Quint. 1, 6, 13; so
id. 14;
15;
27; cf.: “
sic genitivus Achilli et Ulixi fecit,”
id. 1, 5, 63;
1, 6, 26: “
eadem (littera) fecit ex duello bellum,”
id. 1, 4, 15.—
11. Peculiar phrases.
a. Quid faciam (facias, fiet, etc.), with abl., dat., or (rare) with
de,
what is to be done with a person or thing? quid hoc homine facias?
Cic. Sest. 13, 29;
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 16, § 40: “
nescit quid faciat auro,”
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 100: “
quid tu huic homini facias?”
Cic. Caecin. 11, 30; cf.: “
quid enim tibi faciam,”
id. Att. 7, 3, 2: quid faceret huic conclusioni, i. e.
how should he refute, etc.,
id. Ac. 2, 30, 96: “
quid facias illi?”
Hor. S. 1, 1, 63: “
miserunt Delphos consultum quidnam facerent de rebus suis,”
Nep. Them. 2: quid fecisti scipione?
what have you done with the stick? or,
what has become of it? Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 6; cf.
id. ib. 5, 4, 9.—In
pass.: “
quid Tulliolā meā fiet?”
Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 3: “
quid illo fiet? quid me?”
id. Att. 6, 1, 14: “
quid fiet artibus?”
id. Ac. 2, 33, 107: “
quid mihi fiet?”
Ov. A. A. 1, 536: “
quid de illa fiet fidicina igitur?”
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 48: de fratre quid fiet?
Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 39.—
Absol.: “
quid faciat Philomela? fugam custodia claudit?”
Ov. M. 6, 572: “
quid facerem? neque servitio me exire licebat, etc.,”
Verg. E. 1, 41 al.—
b. Fit, factum est aliquo
or aliqua re,
it happens to,
becomes of a person or thing: “
volo Erogitare, meo minore quid sit factum filio,”
Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 32: “
nec quid deinde iis (elephantis) factum sit, auctores explicant,”
Plin. 8, 6, 6, § 17: “
quid eo est argento factum?”
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 106.—Hence,
c. Ut fit,
as it usually happens,
as is commonly the case: “
praesertim cum, ut fit, fortuito saepe aliquid concluse apteque dicerent,”
Cic. Or. 53, 177: “
queri, ut fit, incipiunt,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 56: “
dum se uxor, ut fit, comparat,”
id. Mil. 10, 28: “
fecit statim, ut fit, fastidium copia,”
Liv. 3, 1, 7.—
d. Fiat, an expression of assent,
so be it! very good! fiat, geratur mos tibi,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 146;
id. As. 1, 1, 27;
id. Am. 2, 2, 138;
id. Most. 4, 3, 44 al.—
e. Dictum ac factum, no sooner said than done, without delay, at once; v. dictum under dico, A. d.—
12. In certain phrases the ellipsis of facere is common, e. g. finem facere: “
Quae cum dixisset, Cotta finem,”
Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94;
id. Fin. 4, 1 init.—With nihil aliud quam, quid alium quam, nihil praeterquam, which often = an emphatic Engl.
only (but not in Cic.): “
Tissaphernes nihil aliud quam bellum comparavit,”
Nep. Ages. 2: “
per biduum nihil aliud quam steterunt parati,”
Liv. 34, 46;
Suet. Caes. 20;
id. Aug. 83;
Liv. 2, 63;
4, 3;
3, 26.—So with nihil amplius quam, nihil prius quam, nihil minus quam,
Liv. 26, 20;
35, 11;
Suet. Dom. 3.
II. Neutr.
A. With adverbs,
to do,
deal, or
act in any manner: “
recta et vera loquere, sed neque vere neque recte adhuc Fecisti umquam,”
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 7; “
v. recte under rego: bene fecit Silius, qui transegerit,”
Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1: “
seu recte seu perperam,”
to do right or wrong,
id. Quint. 8, 31: “
Dalmatis di male faciant,”
id. Fam. 5, 11 fin.: “
facis amice,”
in a friendly manner,
id. Lael. 2, 9; cf.: “
per malitiam,”
maliciously,
id. Rosc. Com. 7, 21: “
humaniter,”
id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1: “
imperite,”
id. Leg. 1, 1, 4: “
tutius,”
Quint. 5, 10, 68: “
voluit facere contra huic aegre,”
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10: bene facere,
to profit,
benefit (opp. male facere,
to hurt,
injure),
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 25;
5, 7, 19;
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 22;
id. Capt. 5, 2, 23; v. also under benefacio and benefactum.—
B. Facere cum or ab aliquo,
to take part with one,
to side with one; and opp. contra (or adversus) aliquem,
to take part against one: “
si respondisset, idem sentire et secum facere Sullam,”
Cic. Sull. 13, 36; cf.: “
cum illo consulem facere,”
id. Att. 6, 8, 2; and: “
secum consules facere,”
id. Planc. 35, 86: “
auctoritatem sapientissimorum hominum facere nobiscum,”
id. Caecin. 36, 104; cf.: “
rem et sententiam interdicti mecum facere fatebatur,”
id. ib. 28, 79: “
cum veritas cum hoc faciat,”
is on his side,
id. Quint. 30, 91: “
commune est, quod nihilo magis ab adversariis quam a nobis facit,”
id. Inv. 1, 48, 90: “
omnes damnatos, omnes ignominia affectos illac (a or cum Caesare) facere,”
id. Att. 7, 3, 5: “
quae res in civitate duae plurimum possunt, eae contra nos ambae faciunt in hoc tempore,”
id. Quint. 1, 1: “
neque minus eos cum quibus steterint quam adversus quos fecerint,”
Nep. Eum. 8, 2: “
cum aliquo non male facere,”
to be on good terms with,
Ov. Am. 3, 762.—
C. In late Lat. facere cum aliqua = vivere cum aliqua, to live in matrimony, to be married, Inscr. Orell. 4646. —
D. Ad aliquid, alicui, or
absol.,
to be good or
of use for any thing;
to be useful,
of service: “
chamaeleon facit ad difficultatem urinae,”
Plin. 22, 18, 21, § 46;
Scrib. Comp. 122: “
ad talem formam non facit iste locus,”
Ov. H. 16, 190; cf.
id. ib. 6, 128;
id. Am. 1, 2, 16 al.: “
radix coronopi coeliacis praeclare facit,”
Plin. 22, 19, 22, § 48; so with dat.,
Plin. Val. 2, 1;
Prop. 3 (4), 1, 20. “
facit autem commode ea compositio, quam, etc.,”
Col. 7, 5, 7;
8, 17, 13: “
nec caelum, nec aquae faciunt, nec terra, nec aurae,”
do not benefit me,
Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 23: “
mire facit in peroratione confessio,”
Quint. 11, 3, 173;
171; cf. with a
subject-clause: plurimum facit, totas diligenter nosse causas,
id. 6, 4, 8: ad aliquid or alicui signifies also
to suit,
fit: “
non faciet capiti dura corona meo,”
Prop. 3, 1, 19; cf.
Ov. H. 16, 189.—
E. Like the Gr.
ποιεῖν or
δρᾶν, and the Engl.
to do, instead of another verb (also for esse and pati): “
factum cupio (sc. id esse),”
Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 24: “
factum volo,”
id. Bacch. 3, 3, 91;
id. Most. 3, 2, 104: “
an Scythes Anacharsis potuit pro nihilo pecuniam ducere, nostrates philosophi facere non potuerunt?”
Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 90: “
nihil his in locis nisi saxa et montes cogitabam: idque ut facerem, orationibus inducebar tuis,”
id. Leg. 2, 1, 2; cf.: “
Demosthenem, si illa pronuntiare voluisset, ornate splendideque facere potuisse,”
id. Off. 1, 1 fin.; and: “
cur Cassandra furens futura prospiciat, Priamus sapiens hoc idem facere nequeat?”
id. Div. 1, 39, 85; so
id. Ac. 2, 33, 107;
id. Att. 1, 16, 13; Planc. ap.
Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 2;
Nep. Chabr. 3, 4;
4, 3 al.: “
vadem te ad mortem tyranno dabis pro amico, ut Pythagoreus ille Siculo fecit tyranno (here also with the case of the preceding verb),”
Cic. Fin. 2, 24 fin. (v. Madv. ad h. l. p. 278): “
jubeas (eum) miserum esse, libenter quatenus id facit (i. e. miser est),”
what he is doing,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 64: “
in hominibus solum existunt: nam bestiae simile quiddam faciunt (i. q. patiuntur or habent),”
Cic. Tusc. 4, 14; so, “
ne facias quod Ummidius quidam (= ne idem experiaris, ne idem tibi eveniat),”
Hor. S. 1, 1, 94. —
B. In the
neutr. as
subst.:
factum , i (
gen. plur. factūm, Enn. ap.
Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66 Trag. 81),
that which is done,
a deed,
act,
exploit,
achievement (syn.: res gestae, facinus).
1. In gen.: “
depingere,”
Ter. Phorm. 1, 5, 38: “
facere factum,”
Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 5;
id. Mil. 3, 1, 139: “
dicta et facta,”
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 19;
id. Heaut. 4, 5, 12: “
opus facto est,”
id. Phorm. 4, 5, 4: “
ecquod hujus factum aut commissum non dicam audacius, sed, etc.,”
Cic. Sull. 26, 72: meum factum probari abs te triumpho gaudio, Caes. ap.
Cic. Att. 9, 16, A. 1; “
14, 9, 2: quod umquam eorum in re publica forte factum exstitit?”
id. ib. 8, 14, 2: “
praeclarum atque divinum,”
id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: “
egregium,”
id. Fam. 10, 16, 2;
id. Cael. 10, 23: “
factum per se improbabile,”
Quint. 7, 4, 7;
6, 1, 22: “
illustre,”
Nep. Arist. 2, 2; cf.: “
illustria et gloriosa,”
Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 37: “
forte,”
id. Att. 8, 14, 2: “
dira,”
Ov. M. 6, 533: “
nefanda,”
id. H. 14, 16 al.; but also with the adv.: “
recte ac turpiter factum,”
Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 5; cf.: “
multa huius (Timothei) sunt praeclare facta sed haec maxime illustria,”
Nep. Timoth. 1, 2; “
v. Zumpt, Gram. § 722, 2: dimidium facti, qui coepit, habet,”
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 40: “
quo facto aut dicto adest opus,”
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 15 et saep.: “
famam extendere factis,”
Verg. A. 10, 468: non hominum video. non ego facta boum,
doings, i. e.
works,
Ov. H. 10, 60.—
2. In partic., bonum factum, like the Gr.
ἀγαθὴ τύχη,
a good deed, i. e.
well done,
fortunate (ante-class. and post-Aug.): “
bonum factum'st, edicta ut servetis mea,”
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16; cf.
id. ib. 44; cf.: “
hoc factum est optimum, ut, etc.,”
id. Ps. 1, 2, 52: “
majorum bona facta,”
Tac. A. 3, 40; cf.
id. ib. 3, 65. —At the commencement of edicts,
Suet. Caesar, 80;
id. Vit. 14;
Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 49, 17;
Tert. Pudic. 1.—(But in the class. per. factum in this sense is a participle, and is construed with an adv.: “
bene facta,”
Sall. C. 8, 5;
id. J. 85, 5;
Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 64: “
recte, male facta,”
id. Off. 2, 18, 62: “
male facto exigua laus proponitur,”
id. Leg. Agr. 2, 2, 5;
id. Brut. 43, 322;
Quint. 3, 7, 13; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 460).—*
2. facteon , a word jestingly formed by Cicero, after the analogy of the Greek, for faciendum: quare, ut opinor,
φιλοσοφητέον, id quod tu facis, et istos consulatus non flocci facteon,
Cic. Att. 1, 16, 13 Orell.
N. cr. (for facteon, Ernesti has
ἐατέον).
lumen, luceo, lucere
lūmen , ĭnis, n. contr. from lucmen, from the root luc; v. luceo,
I.light.
I. Lit.: quasi lumen de suo lumine accendat, Enn. ap.
Cic. Off. 1, 16, 51 (Fragm. v. 388 Vahl.): “
solis,”
Cic. Div. 2, 42, 91: “
tabulas bene pictas conlocare in bono lumine,”
id. Brut. 75, 261: “
solare,”
Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 37: “
lumina solis,”
the sunbeams,
Lucr. 2, 162.—
B. Transf.
1. A light, a source of light, a lamp, torch: “
lumine apposito,”
Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79: “
diurnum,”
the morning-star,
Lucr. 4, 455;
Liv. 29, 25: “
lumini oleum instillare,”
Cic. de Sen. 11, 36: “
luminibus accensis,”
Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 65: “
multa lumina nocte tuli,”
Tib. 1, 10 (9), 42.—
3. A bright color (poet.): flaventia lumina calthae, Col. poët. 10, 97; 9, 4.—
4. Daylight, day (
poet.): si te secundo lumine hic offendero, Moriere, Enn. ap.
Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29 (Trag. v. 302 Vahl.): “
lumine quarto,”
Verg. A. 6, 356; cf.: eos hostes, urbes agrosque eorum ... lumine supero privetis, Vet. Form. ap.
Macr. S. 3, 9, 11. —
6. The light of the eye, the eye (mostly
poet.): “
luminibus amissis,”
Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114: “
astantes lumine torvo Aetnaeos fratres,”
Verg. A. 3, 677: “
fossis lumen abire genis, Ov P. 2, 8, 66: acuentes lumina rutae,”
id. R. Am. 801: “
lumina defixa tenere in gremio,”
id. H 21, 113: “
lumina flectere,”
id. M. 5, 232: parcite luminibus,
close or
turn away the eyes,
Tib. 1, 2, 33: “
lumina sera dextra componere,”
to close one's eyes,
Val. Fl. 3, 279.—Fig.: “
Romani imperii lumen,”
Vell. 2, 52, 3: “
reipublicae lumen et caput,”
id. 2, 99, 1.—*
b. The pupil of the eye, Veg. Vet. 2, 16.—
7. An opening through which light can penetrate,
a light,
Val. Fl. 1, 168;
Vitr. 4, 6.—
An airhole, air-shaft,
Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 57.—
A window: “
stabula non egeant septentrionis luminibus,”
Pall. 1, 21: “
obserare lumina,”
App. M. 2, p 125: altius aedes non tollendi, ne luminibus vicini officiatur, Gai
Inst. 2, 31: “
immittere lumina,”
to put in windows,
Dig. 7, 1, 13.—
8. In
plur., the light in a building: “
ne quid altius exstruendo, aut arborem ponendo, lumina cujusquam obscuriora fiant,”
Dig. 8, 2, 14: “
cum M. Buculeius aedes L. Fufio venderet, in mancipio lumina, uti tum essent, ita recepit,”
Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 179.—Hence, se luminibus ejus esse obstructurum,
to obstruct the light by building, Cic. pro Dom. 44, 115.—
9. The opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel, Front. Aquaed. 27; 29; 36; 105.—
II. Trop.
A. A light, i. e.
a most distinguished person or
thing, an ornament, glory, luminary: “
clarissimis viris interfectis lumina civitatis exstincta sunt,”
Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 24: “
certis dicendi luminibus ornare orationem,”
id. de Or. 2, 27, 119: “
animi, ingenii consiliique tui,”
id. Rep. 6, 12, 12: “
probitatis et virtutis,”
id. Lael. 8, 27: est corporis macula, naevus; “
illi tamen hoc lumen videbatur,” i. e.
a beautyspot,
id. N. D. 1, 28, 79: luminibus alicujus obstruere or officere,
to obscure one's glory or
reputation,
id. Brut. 17, 66.—
B. Light, clearness, perspicuity: “
ordo est maxime, qui memoriae lumen affert,”
Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 353: “
oratio adhibere lumen rebus debet,”
id. ib. 3, 13, 50: nunc parvulos nobis dedit (natura) igniculos, quos celeriter ... sic restinguimus, ut nusquam naturae lumen adpareat,
id. Tusc. 3, 1, 2: “
nec mentis quasi luminibus officit altitudo fortunae,”
id. Rab. Post. 16, 43.—
D. Ornaments of style: “
at sunt qui haec excitatoria lumina a componendis orationibus excludenda arbitrentur,”
Quint. 12, 10, 49;
8, 5, 29: “
orationis,”
id. 8, 5, 34: “
lumina sententiarum,”
id. 9, 2, 202.
res
rēs , rei (rēi with e long;
I.gen.,
Lucr. 2, 112;
548;
6, 918; dat.,
id. 1, 688;
2, 236; rei,
gen., monosyl. at the end of the verse,
Lucr. 3, 918; “
and in the middle of the verse,”
id. 4, 885, and Poët. ap.
Lact. 6, 6), f. etym. dub.; perh. root ra- of reor, ratus; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. thing, from denken, to think; prop., that which is thought of; cf. also
λόγος, Lid. and Scott, 9,
a thing, object, being; a matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case, etc.; and sometimes merely = something (cf.: causa, ratio, negotium).
I. In gen.: “
unde initum primum capiat res quaeque movendi,”
Lucr. 1, 383; cf.
id. 1, 536: “
in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur,”
id. 2, 826: summe Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob.
Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.): “
versus, quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere conor,”
Lucr. 1, 25; cf.
id. 1, 126;
5, 54: “
rerum natura creatrix,”
id. 2, 1117: “
divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei cognitio,”
Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. divinus): “
haeret haec res,”
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182: “
profecto, ut loquor, ita res est,”
id. ib. 2, 1, 19: “
haud mentior, resque uti facta dico,”
id. ib. 2, 1, 23: “
de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius,”
id. ib. prol. 110: “
in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā),”
Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.: “
quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, quia sunt avibus contraria cunctis,”
from the nature of the thing,
Lucr. 6, 740; cf.
id. 6, 424;
Liv. 1, 17: “
si res postulabit,”
the condition of the case,
Cic. Lael. 13, 44: scaena rei totius haec, Cael. ap.
Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3: “
fugam in se nemo convertitur Nec recedit loco, quin statim rem gerat,”
does his duty,
stands his ground,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84; so, res gerere, v. gero; hence, too, rerum scriptor, for
a historian, v. scriptor, and cf. II. H. infra.—
B. With
adj. of quality, to express condition, etc.: “
illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit,”
is bringing a bad business on himself,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171; so, “
res mala,”
a wretched condition,
Sall. C. 20, 13; and more freq. in plur.: “
bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas,”
circumstances,
condition,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45;
id. Rud. 3, 3, 12: “
res secundae,”
good fortune,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30; cf.
Liv. 3, 9: “
res prosperae,”
Nep. Dion, 6, 1;
id. Eum. 5, 1: “
in secundissimis rebus,”
Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91: “
adversae res,”
id. ib. 1, 26, 90;
Hor. S. 2, 2, 136;
2, 8, 73: “
res belli adversae,”
Liv. 10, 6: “
res dubiae,”
Sall. C. 10, 2;
39, 3;
Liv. 2, 50;
7, 30; “
v. bonus, florens, salvus, adversus, dubius, novus, arduus, etc.— Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem,”
go to the bad,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37;
id. And. 2, 1, 17: “
malam rem hinc ibis?”
id. Eun. 3, 3, 30.—
C. With an adj. in a periphrasis: “
abhorrens ab re uxoriā,”
matrimony,
Ter. And. 5, 1, 10: “
in arbitrio rei uxoriae,”
dowry,
Cic. Off. 1, 15, 61: “
rem divinam nisi compitalibus ... ne faciat,”
a religious act,
act of worship,
a sacrifice,
Cato, R. R. 5, 4: “
bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt,”
Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76;
Hor. C. 4, 3, 6: “
erat ei pecuaria res ampla et rustica,”
Cic. Quint. 3, 12: res rustica,
agriculture: “
rei rusticae libro primo,”
Col. 11, 1, 2;
id. 1, praef. § “
19: liber, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,”
Cic. Sen. 15, 54: “
navalis rei certamina,”
naval battles,
Amm. 26, 3, 5: “
res militaris,”
Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2: “
rei militaris gloria,”
id. Mur. 9, 22;
Nep. Milt. 8, 4: “
res frumentaria,”
forage,
Caes. B. C. 3, 16;
id. B. G. 1, 23;
4, 7: “
armatae rei scientissimus,”
Amm. 25, 4, 7: “
peritus aquariae rei,”
id. 28, 2, 2: “
res judicaria,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31: “
res ludicra,”
play,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180: “
uti rebus veneriis,”
Cic. Sen. 14, 47;
Nep. Alc. 11, 4: “
res Veneris,”
Lucr. 2, 173;
Ov. R. Am. 431; v. also familiaris, judiciaria, militaris, navalis, etc., and cf. II. G. infra. —
D. With
pronouns or
adjectives, as an emphatic periphrase for the
neutr.: “
ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit,”
this now,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16; cf.:
De. Estne hoc, ut dico?
Li. Rectam instas viam: “
Ea res est,”
it is even so,
id. As. 1, 1, 40: “
de fratre confido ita esse ut semper volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei,”
of it,
Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5: quos (
μελιττῶνας) alii
μελιττοτροφεῖα appellant, eandem rem quidam mellaria.
Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12: “
sunt ex te quae scitari volo, Quarum rerum, etc.,”
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13; cf.
Caes. B. G. 3, 4: “
quibus de rebus quoniam nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti,”
Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13: “
quā super re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem,”
every thing,
all,
Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30: “
nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat cito,”
nothing,
id. Am. 2, 2, 96; cf.: “
neque est ulla res, in quā, etc.,”
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12;
1, 5, 9; cf. “
also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, quod ad valetudinem opus sit,”
id. Fam. 16, 4, 2: “
magna res principio statim bello,”
a great thing,
a great advantage,
Liv. 31, 23 fin.: “
nil admirari prope res est una Solaque, quae, etc.,”
the only thing,
only means,
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep. — Emphatically with
sup.: “
scilicet rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma,”
the most beautiful thing in the world,
Verg. G. 2, 534;
Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81. — “
Of persons, etc.: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt,”
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17: “
maxime rerum,”
Ov. H. 9, 107; cf.: “
maxima rerum Roma,”
Verg. A. 7, 602;
Ov. M. 13, 508: “
fortissima rerum animalia,”
id. ib. 12, 502: “
pulcherrime rerum,”
id. H. 4, 125;
id. A. A. 1, 213;
id. M. 8, 49: “
dulcissime rerum,”
Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.—
E. In adverb. phrases: “
e re natā melius fieri haud potuit,”
after what has happened,
Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8: “
pro re natā,”
according to circumstances,
Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2;
14, 6, 1: “
pro tempore et pro re,”
Caes. B. G. 5, 8: “
factis benignus pro re,”
according to circumstances,
Liv. 7, 33, 3;
Sall. J. 50, 2: “
pro re pauca loquar,”
Verg. A. 4, 337;
Lucr. 6, 1280: “
ex re et ex tempore,”
Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3: “
e re respondi,”
Cat. 10, 8.
II. In partic.
A. Pregn.,
an actual thing,
the thing itself,
reality,
truth,
fact; opposed to appearance, mere talk, the mere name of a thing: “
ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam,”
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 10: “
desiste dictis nunc jam miseram me consolari: Nisi quid re praesidium apparas, etc.,”
id. Rud. 3, 3, 21: rem ipsam loqui.
Ter. And. 1, 2, 31: “
rem fabulari,”
Plaut. Trin 2, 4, 87: “
nihil est aliud in re,”
in fact,
Liv. 10, 8, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.: “
se ipsa res aperit,”
Nep. Paus. 3, 7: “
ex re decerpere fructus,”
Hor. S. 1, 2, 79; “
opp. verbum, vox, opinio, spes, nomen, etc.: rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba,”
Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; cf.: te rogo, ut rem potiorem oratione ducas, Matius ap.
Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5: “
non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,”
Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1: “
qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt,”
id. N. D. 3, 21, 53: “
Peripateticos et Academicos nominibus differentes, re congruentes,”
id. Ac. 2, 5, 15: “
quod nos honestum, illi vanum ... verbis quam re probabilius vocant,”
Quint. 3, 8, 22;
Sen. Ep. 120, 9: “
eum, tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio suo confiteri,”
id. Rosc. Am. 42, 123; cf.
Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 15: “
vides quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā atque a veritate,”
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44. — Hence,
abl. sing., often strengthened by verā (sometimes as one word, reverā),
in fact,
really,
in truth,
indeed,
in reality: “
haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur,”
Cic. Quint. 17, 56; so, “
re quidem verā,”
id. Clu. 19, 54;
id. Sest. 7, 15: “
re autem verā,”
id. Fam. 1, 4, 2; “
and simply re verā,”
id. Quint. 2, 7;
id. Div. 2, 54, 110;
id. Balb. 3, 7: “
re verāque,”
Lucr. 2, 48; cf.: “
et re verā,”
indeed,
in fact,
Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1;
Liv. 33, 11, 3;
35, 31, 12;
36, 6, 1;
Nep. Ages. 2, 3;
id. Phoc. 3, 3;
Curt. 3, 13, 5;
4, 16, 19;
Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1;
Just. 5, 1, 8;
12, 13, 10;
Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 1.—
B. Effects,
substance,
property,
possessions: “
mihi Chrysalus Perdidit filium, me atque rem omnem Meam,”
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; cf.:
Ph. Habuitne rem?
Ly. Habuit.
Ph. Qui eam perdidit ... Mercaturamne an venales habuit, ubi rem perdidit?
id. Trin. 2, 2, 49 sq.: “
quibus et re salvā et perditā profueram,”
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 27: “
rem talentum decem,”
id. Phorm. 2, 3, 46;
Juv. 3, 16: “
avidior ad rem,”
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51: “
rem facere,”
to make money,
Cic. Att. 2, 2, 12: “
res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,”
id. Cat. 2, 5, 10: “
qui duo patrimonia accepisset remque praeterea bonis et honestis rationibus auxisset,”
id. Rab. Post. 14, 38: “
libertino natum patre et in tenui re,”
in narrow circumstances,
Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 20 et saep.; v. also familiaris.— In plur.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus, Enn. ap.
Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.): “
privatae res,”
Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5.—
2. Hence, law t. t.,
whatever may be the subject of a right, whether corporeal or incorporeal (v. Sandars, Introd. to Just. Inst. p. 42 sqq.): “
res corporales,”
Just. Inst. 2, 2, 1 sq.;
Gai. Inst. 2, 12;
Dig. 1, 8, 1: “
res in patrimonio, res extra patrimonium,”
Just. Inst. 2, 1 pr.;
Gai. Inst. 2, 1: “
res sanctae,”
Just. Inst. 2, 1, 10; v. also mancipium, privatus, etc.—
C. Benefit,
profit,
advantage,
interest,
weal: “
res magis quaeritur, quam, etc.,”
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6: “
melius illi consulas quam rei tuae,”
id. Cist. 1, 1, 98: “
haec tuā re feceris,”
to your advantage,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 46.— Most freq. with the prepositions
in,
ex,
ob,
ab, etc.: “
quasi istic minor mea res agatur quam tua,”
is interested,
affected,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. ago): “
si in rem tuam esse videatur,”
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2: “
vide si hoc in rem deputas,”
id. ib. 3, 3, 19: “
quod in rem recte conducat tuam,”
id. Capt. 2, 3, 26: “
si in remst utrique,”
Ter. And. 3, 3, 14: “
quid mihi melius est, quid magis in rem est, quam? etc.,”
useful,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1: “
tamen in rem fore credens universos adpellare,”
Sall. C. 20, 1: “
omnia quae in rem videbantur esse,”
Curt. 6, 2, 21: “
ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant,”
Liv. 30, 4, 6: “
imperat quae in rem sunt,”
id. 26, 44, 7;
22, 3, 2: “
ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar,”
for your advantage,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102:
An. Non pudet Vanitatis?
Do. Minime, dum ob rem,
to the purpose,
with advantage,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere,
usefully,
with advantage or
profit,
Sall. J. 31, 5: subdole blanditur, ab re Consulit blandiloquentulus,
contrary to his interest, i. e.
to his injury,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.: “
haud id est ab re aucupis,”
id. As. 1, 3, 71: “
haec haud ab re duxi referre,”
Liv. 8, 11, 1: “
non ab re esse Quinctio visum est interesse, etc.,”
id. 35, 32, 6;
Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57;
Suet. Aug. 94;
Gell. 18, 4, 6;
1, 26, 4;
Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.—
D. Cause,
reason,
ground,
account; only in the connection eā (hac) re, and eam ob rem, adverb.,
therefore,
on that account: “
eā re tot res sunt, ubi bene deicias,”
Cato, R. R. 158, 2: “
hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni, Quod, etc.,”
Lucr. 1, 172; cf.: “
illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc.,”
Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111: “
patrem exoravi, tibi ne noceat, neu quid ob eam rem succenseat,”
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 39; cf.: “
quoi rei?”
for what purpose? id. As. 3, 2, 43;
id. Poen. 2, 3, 3.—Hence (by uniting into one word) the causal adverbs quare and quamobrem, v. h. vv.—
E. An affair,
matter of business,
business: “
cum et de societate inter se multa communicarent et de totā illā ratione atque re Gallicanā,”
Cic. Quint. 4, 15: “
rem cum aliquo transigere,”
id. Clu. 13, 39. — “
Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum aliquo,”
to have to do with any one,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84;
id. Sest. 16, 37;
id. Fam. 9, 20, 2;
Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.: “
famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo,”
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.— Also without a
dat.: “
quoniam cum senatore res est,”
Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3; “
esp., in mal. part.: rem habere cum aliquo or aliquā,”
to have to do with any one,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35;
id. Merc. 3, 1, 37;
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39;
58. —Ellipt.: “
jam biennium est, quom mecum rem coepit,”
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15. —
F. A case in law,
a lawsuit,
cause,
suit (more gen. than causa): “
ubi res prolatae sunt,”
Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10: “
res agi,”
id. Men. 4, 2, 19;
id. Aul. 3, 4, 13: “
quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis,”
Varr. L. L. 7, § 93; cf. “
(prob. in allusion to this legal form): tot homines ... statuere non potuisse, utrum diem tertium an perendinum ... rem an litem dici oporteret,”
Cic. Mur. 12, 27; cf. “
also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, etc., an ancient formula,”
Liv. 1, 32: “
de rebus ab aliquo cognitis judicatisque dicere,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118: “
pecunias capere ob rem judicandam,”
id. Fin. 2, 16, 54: “
si res certabitur olim,”
Hor. S. 2, 5, 27;
1, 10, 15;
1, 9, 41;
id. Ep. 1, 16, 43: “
tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat,”
Dig. 3, 3, 12: “
rem differre,”
ib. 43, 30, 3: res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit,
ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.—
G. An affair, esp.
a battle,
campaign,
military operations; in phrase rem (or res) gerere: “
res gesta virtute,”
Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66: “
ut res gesta est ordine narrare,”
Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3: “
his rebus gestis,”
Caes. B. G. 5, 8: “
res gerere,”
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33: “
rem bene gerere,”
id. ib. 1, 8, 1;
Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13: “
comminus rem gerunt,”
Caes. B. G. 5, 44: “
res gestae,”
Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7;
2, 1, 251: “
adversus duos simul rem gerere,”
Liv. 21, 60: “
rem male gerere,”
Nep. Them. 3, 3;
Hor. S. 2, 3, 74: “
in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum,”
Just. 2, 1, 1; cf.: “
rem agere,”
Hor. S. 1, 9, 4;
id. A. P. 82: “
ante rem,”
before the battle,
Liv. 4, 40: “
cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant,”
Nep. Pel. 1, 3;
Cic. Sest. 16, 37.—
H. Acts,
events, as the subject of narration,
a story,
history: “
res in unam sententiam scripta,”
Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20: “
cui lecta potenter erit res,”
Hor. A. P. 40;
id. S. 1, 10, 57;
id. Ep. 1, 19, 29: “
in medias res auditorem rapere,”
id. A. P. 148;
310: “
agitur res in scaenis,”
id. ib. 179; cf.: “
numeros animosque secutus, non res,”
id. Ep. 1, 19, 25;
Phaedr. 5, 1, 12: “
sicut in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus,”
Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199: “
litterae, quibus non modo res omnis, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,”
Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1: “
res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae,”
history,
Nep. Con. 5, 4;
id. Cat. 3, 2.—
K. Res publica, also as one word, respublica,
the common weal,
a commonwealth,
state,
republic (cf. civitas); also,
civil affairs,
administration, or
power, etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, Cato ap.
Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.: “
erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare,”
Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3: “
dummodo ista privata sit calamitas et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur,”
id. Cat. 1, 9; cf.: “
si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā,”
id. Fam. 4, 9, 4: “
egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere,”
id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. publicus); Cato ap.
Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam fore, Att. ap.
Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45: “
quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent,”
Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155: “
commutata ratio est rei totius publicae,”
id. Att. 1, 8, 4: pro republicā niti, Cato ap.
Charis. p. 196 fin.: “
merere de republicā,”
Plaut. Am. prol. 40: “
de re publicā disputatio . . . dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc.,”
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12: “
oppugnare rem publicam,”
id. Cael. 1, 1;
id. Har. Resp. 8, 15;
id. Sest. 23, 52: “
paene victā re publicā,”
id. Fam. 12, 13, 1: “
delere rem publicam,”
id. Sest. 15, 33;
Lact. 6, 18, 28.—Esp. in the phrase e re publicā,
for the good of the State,
for the public benefit: “
senatūs consultis bene et e re publicā factis,”
Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30: “
ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi,”
id. Fam. 13, 8, 2;
id. Mil. 5, 14;
Liv. 8, 4, 12;
25, 7, 4;
34, 34, 9;
Suet. Rhet. 1 init.—Post-class. and rare, also ex republicā,
Gell. 6, 3, 47;
11, 9, 1; “
but exque is used for euphony (class.): id eum recte atque ordine exque re publicā fecisse,”
Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38;
5, 13, 36;
10, 11, 26.— In plur.: “
eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum,”
Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44: “
circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum,”
id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.—
2. Sometimes simply res,
the State (in the poets, and since the Aug. per. in prose): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap.
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.): “
hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam sistet,”
Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.: “
nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse,”
Liv. 21, 16;
1, 28: “
parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt,”
id. 6, 41 fin.: “
Romana,”
Hor. C. S. 66;
id. Ep. 1, 12, 25;
Ov. M. 14, 809;
Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.: “
ut paulo ante animum inter Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti,”
Liv. 1, 28 fin.: “
Albana,”
id. 1, 6.— In plur.: “
res Asiae evertere,”
Verg. A. 3, 1: “
custode rerum Caesare,”
Hor. C. 4, 15, 17; cf.: “
res sine discordiā translatae,”
Tac. H. 1, 29; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. potior. —
L. Res novae, political changes, a revolution, etc.; v. novus.
lustro, lustrare
lustro , āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. 2. lustrum,
I.to purify by means of a propitiatory offering (syn.: procuro, expio).
I. Lit.: “
agrum lustrare sic oportet. Impera suovetaurilia circumagi, etc.,”
Cato, R. R. 141: “
in lustranda colonia ab eo, qui eam deduceret,”
Cic. Div. 1, 45, 102: “
ibi instructum exercitum omnem suovetaurilibus lustravit,”
Liv. 1, 44;
40, 6: “
tunc vitula innumeros lustrabat caesa juvencos,”
Tib. 1, 1, 25 (31 Müll.): “
aliquem taedis,”
id. 1, 2, 61: “
terque senem flammā, ter aquā, ter sulphure lustrat,”
Ov. M. 7, 261; cf.
Verg. A. 6, 231: “
lustramurque Iovi votisque incendimus aras,”
we purify ourselves,
id. ib. 3, 279: “
se centum lustrare ovis,”
Juv. 6, 518: “
lustrari,”
id. 2, 157: non inveniatur in te, qui lustret filium tuum aut filiam tuam, nec divinus, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 15, 1, 1.—
II. Transf., because, at the lustral sacrifice, the priest went around the person or object purified; hence,
B. To go round, wander over, traverse: “
Pythagoras et Aegyptum lustravit et Persarum Magos adiit,”
Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 87: latitudinem lustrans signiferi orbis,
id. N. D. 2, 20, 53; so
id. Univ. 9: “
et salis Ausonii lustrandum navibus aequor,”
Verg. A. 3, 385: “
pede barbaro Lustrata Rhodope,”
Hor. C. 3, 25, 11: “
lustrati montes,”
Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 129: “
nulla meis frustra lustrantur compita plantis,”
Prop. 3, 15, 3: “
lustravitque fuga mediam gladiator harenam,”
Juv. 2, 14, 4: “
spatium,”
id. 6, 582.—
D. To review, survey, observe, examine (
poet.): “
et totum lustrabat lumine corpus,”
Verg. A. 8, 153: “
respicio et quae sit me circum copia lustro,”
id. ib. 2, 564: “
alicujus vestigia,”
id. ib. 11, 763;
Tac. A. 15, 26;
Petr. Sat. 11;
Sil. 15, 787.—
E. (Of the sun, moon, etc.)
To illuminate, make bright: “
postera Phoebeā lustrabat lampade terras Aurora,”
Verg. A. 4, 6;
7, 148: “
sol, obliquo terras et caelum lumine lustrans,”
Lucr. 5, 693;
5, 79: “
mundi magnum templum Sol et luna suo lustrantes lumine,”
id. 5, 1437;
6, 737: “
Sol, qui terrarum flammis opera omnia lustras,”
Verg. A. 4, 607.
patronus
pā^trōnus , i, m. pater.
I. Lit.,
a protector, defender, patron (of individuals, or of cities and entire provinces; also, the former master of a freedman); PATRONVS SI CLIENTI FRAVDEM FECERIT SACER ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap.
Serv. Verg. A. 6, 609; “
quot enim clientes circa singulos fuistis patronos, tot nunc, etc., Liv 6, 18, 6: ego me patronum profiteor plebis,”
id. 6, 18, 14; “
civitatum et nationum,”
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35;
id. Pis. 11, 25; cf.: “
tum conventus ille Capuae, qui me unum patronum adoptavit, etc.,”
id. Sest. 4, 9; Inscr. A. U. C. 742, Marin. Fratr Arv. p. 782; see also
Inscr. Orell. 956;
1079;
3056 sq.: “
patronus, defensor, custos coloniae,”
Cic. Sull. 21, 60;
id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2.—Of the former master of a freedman or freedwoman: “
volo me placere Philolachi, meo patrono,”
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 11: civis Romani liberti hereditatem Lex XII. Tabularum patrono defert, si intestato sine suo herede libertus decesserit, Ulp. Fragm. tit. 29, § 1; cf.
Gai. Inst. 3, 40;
Cic. Fam. 13, 21, 2: “
corrupti in dominos servi, in patronos liberti,”
Tac. H. 2, 2.—
II. Transf.,
a defender before a court of justice,
an advocate,
pleader (syn.: “
advocatus, causidicus, procurator, cognitor): judicis est semper in causis verum sequi, patroni nonnumquam verisimile, etiamsi minus sit verum, defendere,”
Cic. Off. 2, 14, 51;
id. de Or. 2, 69, 280: “
patronus alicui causae constitui,”
id. Mur. 2, 4; cf.: “
his de causis ego huic causae patronus exstiti,”
id. Rosc. Am. 2, 5; “
Lex. Servil. lin. 9: patronus partis adversae,”
Quint. 4, 1, 11; cf.: “
patronus adversarii,”
id. 4, 1, 11;
Tac. Or. 1.—
B. In gen.,
a defender,
advocate: “
eam legem a vestrorum commodorum patrono esse conscriptam,”
Cic. Agr. 3, 1, 3: “
foederum ac foederatorum,”
id. Balb. 10, 25: “
justitiae,”
id. Lael. 7 fin.: “
qui modo patronus nunc cupit esse cliens,”
Ov. A. A. 1, 88.—Comically: video ego te, propter malefacta qui es patronus parieti, i. e.
standing like a patron in front of the wall (of one who, for fear of blows, places himself with his back to the wall,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 48; cf.
id. Ps. 2, 2, 12. —As an affectionate and respectful form of address: “
mi patrone, immo potius mi pater,”
Plaut. Rud. 4, 8, 2;
16.
subtilis
subtīlis , e, adj. sub-tela; and therefore, prop., woven fine; hence,
I.fine, not thick or coarse, thin, slender, minute (syn. tenuis).
I. Lit. (mostly
poet. and in postAug. prose; “
not in Cic.): quae vulgo volitant subtili praedita filo,”
Lucr. 4, 88: “
ventus subtili corpore tenuis,”
id. 4, 901; cf.
id. 3, 195;
Cat. 54, 3: “
acies gladii,”
Sen. Ep. 76, 14: “
farina,”
Plin. 18, 7, 14, § 74: “
mitra,”
Cat. 64, 63: “
ignis,”
Lucr. 6, 225: “
subtilia et minuta primordia rerum,”
id. 4, 122;
4, 114.—
Subst.:
subtīlĭa , ĭum, n. plur.,
fine goods or
stuffs,
Vulg. Isa. 19, 9: “
indui te subtilibus,”
id. Ezech. 16, 10.—
Comp.: “
harundo,”
Plin. 16, 36, 66, § 168: “
semen raporum,”
id. 18, 13, 34, § 129.—
Sup.: “
sucus subtilissimus,”
Plin. 11, 5, 4, § 11.—
B. Transf., of the senses,
fine,
nice,
acute,
delicate,
exqui site (rare): “
palatum,”
Hor. S. 2, 8, 38: “
subtilior gula,”
Col. 8, 16, 4.—
II. Trop., fine, nice, precise, exact, accurate, keen, subtle (class.; syn.: elegans, concinnus).
A. In gen.: “
sollers subtilisque descriptio,”
Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121: “
definitio,”
id. de Or. 1, 23, 109: “
observatio,”
Plin. 18, 13, 35, § 132: “
sententia,”
id. 18, 17, 46, § 165: “
argumentatio,”
id. 2, 108, 112, § 247: “
quaestio,”
id. 11, 16, 16, § 46: “
Graecia,”
Manil. 4, 718.—
Comp.: “
reliquae (epistulae) subtiliores erunt,”
more particular,
Cic. Att. 5, 14, 3.—
Sup.: “
quae (curatio manus) inter subtilissimas haberi potest,”
Cels. 7, 7, 13: “
inventum,”
Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 40: “
Democritus, subtilissimus antiquorum,”
Sen. Q. N. 7, 3, 2.—
2. Transf., of taste or judgment,
fine,
keen,
delicate,
exquisite (syn.: “
sagax, acutus): judicium,”
Cic. Fam. 15, 6, 1;
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 242; cf.: “
subtilis veterum judex,”
id. S. 2, 7, 101: “
sapiens subtilisque lector,”
Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 7: “
vir subtilis, dispositus, acer, disertus,”
id. ib. 2, 11, 17; 4, 17, 4.—
B. In partic., in rhet., of speech or of the speaker,
plain,
simple,
unadorned (syn. simplex): “
genus dicendi,”
Cic. Or. 21, 69; cf.: “
acutissimum et subtilissimum dicendi genus,”
id. de Or. 2, 23, 98: “
oratio,”
id. Or. 5, 20; cf.
id. ib. 23, 78: “
Stoicorum non ignoras, quam sit subtile vel spinosum potius dicendi genus,”
id. Fin. 3, 1, 3: subtile quod
ἰσχνὸν vocant,
Quint. 12, 10, 58: “
disputator,”
Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3: “
quis illo (Catone) in docendo edisserendoque subtilior?”
id. Brut. 17, 65: “
oratione limatus atque subtilis,”
id. de Or. 1, 39, 180; cf.
id. de Or. 3, 8, 31: Lysias subtilis scriptor atque elegans,
id. Brut. 9, 35;
Quint. 10, 1, 78: “
praeceptor,”
id. 1, 4, 25;
12, 10, 51.—Hence, adv.:
subtīlĭter ,
finely,
minutely.
1. Lit.: “
subtiliter insinuatus ad parvas partes aër,”
Lucr. 6, 1031: “
conexae res,”
closely,
intimately,
id. 3, 739: “
dividere aliquid,”
Plin. 5, 12, 13, § 67: “
fodere,”
lightly,
superficially,
Pall. Febr. 21 fin.—
2. Trop., finely, acutely, minutely, accurately, subtly.
a. In gen.: “
subtiliter judicare,”
finely,
acutely,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127: “
de re publicā quid ego tibi subtiliter? tota periit,”
minutely,
particularly,
id. Att. 2, 21, 1; cf.: “
haec ad te scribam alias subtilius,”
id. ib. 1, 13, 4: “
subtiliter exsequi numerum,”
Liv. 3, 5: “
de aliquā re subtiliter disserere,”
Cic. Fl. 17, 41: “
aliquid persequi,”
id. de Or. 1, 21, 98; cf.: “
id persequar subtilius,”
id. Rep. 2, 23, 42: “
subtilius haec disserunt,”
id. Lael. 5, 18: “
subtilius ista quaerunt,”
id. ib. 2, 7 et saep. —
b. In partic., in rhet.,
plainly,
simply,
without ornament: “
humilia subtiliter et magna graviter et mediocria temperate dicere,”
Cic. Or. 29, 100: “
versute et subtiliter dicere,”
id. ib. 7, 22: “
privatas causas agere subtilius: capitis aut famae ornatius,”
id. Fam. 9, 21, 1: “
magnifice an subtiliter dicere,”
Quint. 8, 3, 40.
jaceo, jacere
(Source of subject, project, abject, reject, interject)
jăcĕo , cŭi, cĭtum (
I.fut. part. jaci-turus,
Stat. Th. 7, 777), 2, v. n.
intr. of jacio; lit.,
to be thrown or cast; hence, to lie.
I. Lit.
A. In gen.: “
in limine,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118: “
stratum ad pedes alicujus,”
id. Quint. 31, 96;
id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2: “
alicui ad pedes,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129: “
in lecto,”
id. Phil. 2, 18, 45;
Juv. 6, 269: “
in ignota harena,”
Verg. A. 5, 871: “
Tyrio sublimis in ostro,”
Ov. H. 12, 179: “
in viridi gramine,”
id. Am. 1, 14, 22: “
in teneris dominae lacertis,”
id. ib. 1, 13, 5: “
in solo,”
id. M. 2, 420: “
in viduo toro,”
id. H. 16, 316: “
in gremio,”
id. ib. 9, 136; “
11, 4: in servi complexibus,”
Juv. 6, 279; “
for which: saxum campo quod forte jacebat,”
Verg. A. 12, 897: “
deserto lecto,”
Ov. H. 1, 7: “
saxo,”
id. M. 6, 100: “
gremio mariti,”
Juv. 2, 120: “
in aversa ora,”
Ov. H. 12, 63: “
super corpus alicujus,”
id. F. 2, 836: “
somno,”
Verg. E. 6, 14: “
spissa harena,”
id. A. 6, 336: “
humo,”
Ov. A. A. 2, 238: “
nudus humi jacet,”
Lucr. 5, 224;
Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26;
Ov. Am. 3, 1, 12: “
humi ante lectum jacens,”
Suet. Oth. 7: “
mecum inter salices lenta sub vite jacere,”
Verg. E. 10, 40: “
sub alta platano,”
Hor. C. 2, 11, 14: “
strata jacent sub arbore poma,”
Verg. E. 7, 54.—
Absol.: “
Tityos jacet alitis esca,”
Verg. Cul. 237: “
vittae jacentes,”
Tib. 2, 5, 53: “
pisces jacentes,” i. e.
flatfish,
Col. 8, 17, 9.—
B. In partic.
1. Of sick persons,
to lie ill, to be sick: “
cura ut valeas, ne ego te jacente bona tua comedim,”
Cic. Fam. 9, 20: “
cum tristj morbo defessa jaceres,”
Tib. 1, 5, 9: “
hic facit ut jaceas,”
Ov. H. 20, 173: “
graviter,”
Plin. Ep. 5. 9: “
sine spe,”
Sen. Ep. 101, 3.—
2. To lie dead, to have fallen: “
Aeacidae telo jacet Hector,”
Verg. A. 1, 99;
10, 737: “
corpora per campos ferro quae fusa jacebant,”
id. ib. 11, 102: “
cum primi occidissent, proximi jacentibus insisterent,”
Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3;
7, 25, 3: “
neminem jacentem veste spoliavit,”
Nep. Thras. 2, 6; cf.: “
spolia jacentis hostium exercitus,”
Liv. 44, 45: “
ne inultos imperatores suos jacere sinerent,”
id. 25, 37: “
qui bene pro patria cum patriaque jacent,”
Ov. H. 3, 106: “
Arge, jaces!”
id. M. 1, 720: morte jacent merita, id. F. 3, 707: “
fratri jacet,”
killed by his brother,
Sil. 15, 650: “
rupto jacuit corpore (rana),”
Phaedr. 1, 24, 10: “
jacuit Catilina cadavere toto,”
Juv. 10, 288.—
3. To be or
lie long anywhere,
to linger, tarry, stop at a place: “
pernam, glandium, sumen facito in aqua jaceant,”
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 33: “
Brundusii,”
to stay long at,
Cic. Att. 11, 6, 2.—
4. Geographically,
to lie, be situate, = esse, situm esse (not in Cic. or Cæs.): jacet Vada inter Appenninum et Alpis, Brut. ap.
Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 2;
Liv. 5, 48, 2;
6, 30, 5;
22, 3, 3: “
inter Taurum montem jacet et Hellespontem,”
Nep. Eum. 3, 2 saep.: “
quae gens jacet supra Ciliciam,”
id. Dat. 4: “
ad vesperam jacentis terrae,”
Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 216: “
summo in vertice montis Planities ignota jacet,”
Verg. A. 11, 527: “
quod urbes in planis jaceant,”
Just. 22, 5, 5: “
alio patriam quaerunt sub sole jacentem,”
Verg. G. 2, 512: “
jacet extra sidera tellus,”
id. A. 6, 795; cf.: “
pallente sub umbra Cimmerias jacuisse domos,”
Sil. 12, 132: “
inter eos solemque jacent immania ponti aequora,”
Lucr. 4, 412; cf.: “
Cyclades et Sporades per quingenta milia in longitudinem ... jacent,”
extend,
Plin. 4, 12, 23, § 71.—
5. To be low, flat, level: “
jacentia et plana urbis loca,”
Tac. H. 1, 86: “
despiciens terras jacentīs,”
Verg. A. 1, 224: “
praetervehor Thapsum jacentem,”
id. ib. 3, 689;
Val. Fl. 4, 712: “
quaeque jacent valles,”
Ov. F. 2, 392;
Just. 22, 5, 5: “
jacentes campos,”
Luc. 4, 52: “
summo despexit ab aethere terras Infelix Phaëthon penitus penitusque jacentes,”
Ov. M. 2, 178.—
6. Esp., of the sea,
to be level, quiet, lie still: “
mediusque jacet sine murmure pontus,”
Luc. 1, 260;
5, 434: “
servatum bello jacuit mare,”
id. 3, 523: “
planum mare,”
Juv. 12, 62: “
stagna jacentia,”
Sil. 5, 583.—
7. To lie in ruins, be broken down: cui nec arae patriae domi stant, fractae et disjectae jacent, Enn. ap.
Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. Rel. v. 115 Vahl.): “
jacent, Ilion ingens,”
Ov. M. 13, 505: “
ausa et jacentem visere regiam vultu sereno,”
Hor. C. 1, 37, 25: “
Troja jacet certe,”
Ov. H. 1, 3: “
vetus Thebe jacet,”
Juv. 15, 6.—
8. To hang loose: “
vagi crines per colla jacebant,”
Ov. M. 2, 673;
id. A. A. 3, 236: “
jacentia lora,”
lying loose on the horse's neck,
id. M. 2, 201; cf.“
, of clothing, etc.: juvenes timidaeque puellae Praeverrunt latas veste jacente vias,”
id. Am. 3, 13, 24: “
demissa jacent tibi pallia terrae,”
id. ib. 3, 2, 25;
id. A. A. 153.—
II. Trop.
A. To be indolent or
inactive, not to come forward: “
in pace jacere, quam in bello vigere maluit. Quamquam ille quidem numquam jacuit,”
Cic. Phil. 10, 7, 14: “
C. Marius cum a spe consulatus longe abesset et jam septimum annum post praeturam jaceret,”
id. Off. 3, 20, 79: “
ars tua, Tiphy, jacet, si non sit in aequore fluctus,”
Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 77: “
at mea numina tandem fessa jacent,”
Verg. A. 7, 298.—
B. To be cast down, dejected: “
Gnaeus noster ut totus jacet,”
Cic. Att. 7, 21, 1: “
ne jaceam? quis unquam minus,”
id. ib. 12, 40, 2: “
jacet in maerore meus frater,”
id. ib. 10, 4;
id. Phil. 12, 2: “
militum jacere animos,”
Liv. 10, 35.—
C. To lie prostrate: “
victa jacet pietas,”
Ov. M. 1, 149: “
nobilitas sub amore jacet,”
id. H. 4, 161: “
Africani, Marii, Sullae, Pompeii infra Pallantis laudes jacebant,”
Plin. Ep. 8, 6, 2: “
justitia vacillat, vel jacet potius,”
Cic. Off. 3, 33, 118: “
humana cum vita jaceret, oppressa gravi sub religione,”
Lucr. 1, 63.—
D. To be refuted, overcome, disproved, to fail: “
jacent suis testibus, qui Clodium negant Romam fuisse rediturum, etc.,”
Cic. Mil. 18, 47: “
jacet omnis ratio Peripateticorum,”
id. Fin. 5, 28, 86: “
jacet igitur tota conclusio,”
id. Div. 2, 51, 106.—
E. To lie dormant, be disused or
neglected, to be of no avail: “
cum leges nihil valebant, cum judicia jacebant,”
Cic. Par. 4, 1: “
tota Capua et omnis hic delectus jacet,”
id. Att. 7, 22: dici non potest, quomodo hic omnia jaceant, Cael. ap.
Cic. Fam. 8, 6: “
justitia jacet,”
Cic. Off. 3, 33: “
maximas virtutes jacere omnes necesse est voluptate dominante,”
id. Fin. 2, 35, 117;
Quint. 9, 2, 4.—
F. To be despised, in no esteem: “
cum jacerent pretia praediorum,”
Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33: “
ut neque jacere regem pateremur,”
id. Fam. 1, 5, 3: “
sed nunc omnia ista jacere puto, propter nummorum caritatem,”
are cheap,
id. Att. 9, 9, 4: dat census honores, Census amicitias: “
pauper ubique jacet,”
Ov. F. 1, 218;
id. R. Am 139.—
G. To lie idle, neglected, or
unemployed: “
cur tamdiu jacet hoc nomen in adversariis,”
Cic. Rosc. Com. 3: “
quomodo tibi tanta pecunia extraordinaria jacet?”
id. ib. 1: “
quae (pecuniae) vereor, ne otiosae jaceant,”
Plin. Ep. 10, 62, 1: “
nonne justius erit proximo cuique bonorum possessionem dari, ne bona jaceant,”
that they be not without an owner,
Dig. 37, 3, 1.—
I. Of speech or language,
to be languid, lifeless, dull: “
quibus detractis, jacet (oratio),”
Quint. 9, 2, 4: “
jacens oratio,”
Gell. 1, 11, 15; cf.
Quint. 8, 5, 32.
fatum
fātum , i (
I.masc. fatus malus meus, Petr. 42, 77), n. for II. A., that which is said, an utterance.—Hence,
I. Prop.,
a prophetic declaration,
oracle,
prediction (rare but class.): neque me Apollo fatis fandis dementem invitam ciet, Pac. ap.
Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66 (Trag. v. 80 Vahl.): “
Lentulum sibi confirmasse ex fatis Sibyllinis haruspicumque responsis se, etc.,”
Cic. Cat. 3, 4, 9: “
eo fatis quae Veientes scripta haberent,”
id. Div. 1, 44, 100: “
fatis, ominibus oraculisque portendere,”
Liv. 29, 10 fin. Drak.
N. cr.: “
Siculisne resideret arvis Oblitus factorum,”
Verg. A. 5, 703.—
II. Transf.
A. In gen.,
that which is ordained,
desting,
fate; the
εἱμαρμένη or
μοῖρα of the Greeks (syn.: “
fortuna, fors, sors, casus): nec ii, qui dicunt immutabilia esse, quae futura sint nec posse verum futurum convertere in falsum, fati necessitatem confirmant, sed verborum vim interpretantur. At qui introducunt causarum seriem sempiternam, ii mentem hominis voluntate libera spoliatam necessitate fati devinciunt,”
Cic. Fat. 9, 20 sq.; hence the philosophic use of the word to denote
the eternal,
immutable law of nature: fieri omnia fato, ratio cogit fateri. Fatum autem id appello, quod Graeci
εἱμαρμένην, id est ordinem seriemque causarum, cum causa causae nexa rem ex se gignat,
id. Div. 1, 55, 125 sq.; cf.: “
cum vos fato fieri dicatis omnia, quod autem semper ex omni aeternitate verum fuerit, id esse fatum,”
id. N. D. 3, 6, 14; and: cum duae sententiae fuissent veterum philosophorum, una eorum, qui censerent omnia ita fato fieri, ut id fatum vim necessitatis afferret; “
in qua sententia Democritus, Heraclitus, Empedocles, Aristoteles fuit: altera eorum, quibus viderentur sine ullo fato esse animorum motus voluntarii,”
id. Fat. 17, 39; cf. “
also: ex hoc genere causarum ex aeternitate pendentium fatum a Stoicis nectitur,”
id. Top. 15, 59; and: “
anile sane et plenum superstitionis fati nomen ipsum,”
id. Div. 2, 7, 19: “
si Daphitae fatum fuit ex equo cadere,”
id. Fat. 3, 5; cf.
id. ib. 12, 28: cf.: “
neque si fatum fuerat, effugisset,”
id. Div. 2, 8, 20: “
ut praedici posset, quid cuique eventurum et quo quisque fato natus esset,”
id. ib. 1, 1, 2; “
quonam meo fato fieri dicam, ut, etc.,”
id. Phil. 2, 1, 1: qua quidem in re singulari sum fato,
I experience a remarkable fate, Caecin. ap.
Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 1: “
si quid mihi humanitus accidisset multa autem impendere videntur praeter naturam etiam praeterque fatum,” i. e.
beyond the natural and appointed course of events,
id. Phil. 1, 4, 10: “
quasi debita sibi fato dominatione,”
Suet. Aug. 19: “
persuasio, cuncta fato agi,”
id. Tib. 69: “
nisi dii immortales omni ratione placati suo numine prope fata ipsa flexissent,”
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 19: “
orte Saturno, tibi cura magni Caesaris fatis data,”
Hor. C. 1, 12, 51: “
quo (Caesare) nihil majus meliusve terris Fata donavere bonique divi,”
id. ib. 4, 2, 38;
id. Carm. Sec. 28: “
ut caneret fera Nereus Fata,”
id. C. 1, 15, 5; so, “
acerba,”
id. Epod. 7, 17: “
triste,”
id. S. 1, 9, 29: “
caeca,”
id. C. 2, 13, 16: “
plebeium in circo positum est fatum,”
the fate of the vulgar,
Juv. 6, 588: “
fata regunt homines,”
id. 9, 32;
12, 63.—With
ut: “
qui hoc fato natus est, ut, etc.,”
Cic. Mil. 11, 30: “
fuit hoc sive meum sive rei publicae fatum, ut, etc.,”
id. Balb. 26, 58.—With
ne: eo fato se in iis terris collocatam esse arbitratur, ne, etc.,
Cic. Font. 16, 35.—
B. Esp.
1. Of
the will or
determination of the gods: “
heu stirpem invisam et fatis contraria nostris Fata Phrygum,”
Verg. A. 7, 293;
7, 50; cf.
Non. 455, 25.—And also of
that which determines the fate of a person or thing: Ilio tria fuisse audivi fata, quae illi forent exitio: signum ex arce si perisset; “
alterum, etc.,”
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 29; so, “
Herculis sagittae, quae fatum Trojae fuere,”
Just. 20, 1 fin.—Prov.: “
fata viam invenient,”
Verg. A. 3, 395;
10, 113.—
Fāta , ōrum, n., personified as deities,
the Fates,
Prop. 4, 7, 51;
Stat. Th. 8, 26;
id. S. 5, 1, 259;
Inscr. Orell. 1771 sq.—
2. a.. Bad fortune,
ill fate,
calamity,
mishap: “
dictum facete et contumeliose in Metellos antiquum Naevii est: Fato Metelli Romae fiunt consules,”
Pseudo Ascon. ad Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29 (p. 140 ed. Orell.); “
and, alluding to this verse: hoc Verrem dicere aiebant, te (sc. Metellum) non fato, ut ceteros ex vestra familia, sed opera sua consulem factum,”
id. ib. 10, 29: “
quibus ego confido impendere fatum aliquod et poenas jamdiu improbitati, nequitiae ... debitas instare,”
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 11: “
exitii ac fati dies,”
id. ib. 3, 7, 17: “
abditi in tabernaculis aut suum fatum querebantur aut, etc.,”
Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 4; cf.
Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 1: “
quod si jam (quod dii omen avertant) fatum extremum rei publicae venit,”
Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 35: “
in illo paene fato rei publicae,”
id. Dom. 57, 145.— So,
b. Esp. freq. of
death: “
sic Hortensii vox exstincta fato suo est, nostra publico,”
id. Brut. 96, 328; cf.: “
nolite hunc maturius exstingui vulnere vestro quam suo fato,”
id. Cael. 32, 79; cf.: “
omen fati,”
id. Phil. 9, 4, 6; and: “
quia nec fato merita nec morte peribat,”
Verg. A. 4, 696: ferro, non fato moerus Argivum (i. e. Achilles) occidit, Poët. ap.
Quint. 8, 6, 10 Spald.: “
perfunctos jam fato = mortuos,”
Liv. 9, 1, 6; “
qui fato sunt functi,”
Quint. 3, 7, 10: “
fato cedere,”
Liv. 26, 13: fato concessit, Pl. Pan. 11, 3; for which: concedere in fatum, Modestin.
Dig. 34, 3, 20: “
fato obiit,”
died a natural death,
Tac. A. 6, 10: “
fato fungi,”
id. ib. 14, 12 fin.: “
ille (uxorem) functam fato respondet,”
id. ib. 11, 3: “
si me praeceperit fatum,”
Curt. 9, 6;
Quint. 6, 2, 33.—In this sense sometimes in the plur.: “
jamdudum peccas, si mea fata petis,”
Ov. H. 19, 118; “
Minotauri,”
Mel. 2, 7: “
mea fata,”
my ashes,
Prop. 1, 17, 11: “
sentiet vivus eam, quae post fata praestari magis solet, venerationem,”
Quint. 12, 17, 7: “
si me fata intercepissent,”
id. 6 praef. 1; cf.: (mater) acerbissimis rapta fatis, id. § 4; cf. the
shades or
spirits of the dead: “
cum fato jacentis,”
Mel. 2, 2.—
cresco
cresco , crēvi, crētum, 3 (
I.inf. perf. sync. cresse,
Lucr. 3, 683),
v. inch. n. [1. creo].
I. Orig., of things not previously in existence, to come forth, grow, to arise, spring, be born, become visible, appear (so mostly poet.)
A. Lit.: “
cetera, quae sursum crescunt sursumque creantur,”
Lucr. 6, 527: “
quaecumque e terrā corpora crescunt (for which, subsequently, exoriuntur),”
id. 1, 868: “
corpore de patrio ac materno sanguine crescunt,”
id. 4, 1210: “
hic et acanthus Et rosa crescit,”
Verg. Cul. 397.—So esp. freq. in
part. perf.:
crētus , a, um,
arisen, sprung, descended from, born of; with abl.: “
mortali corpore cretus,”
Lucr. 5, 6;
2, 906; cf.: “
mortali semine,”
Ov. M. 15, 760: “
corpore materno,”
Lucr. 4, 1224: “
nativo corpore,”
id. 5, 61: “
Semiramio sanguine,”
Ov. M. 5, 85; cf.
id. ib. 13, 31: “
Amyntore,”
id. ib. 8, 307; cf.
Verg. A. 9, 672;
Ov. M. 13, 750.—With
ab: “
ab origine eādem,”
Ov. M. 4, 607; cf.: “
Trojano a sanguine,”
Verg. A. 4, 191.—
II. Of things already in existence, to rise in height, to rise, grow, grow up, thrive, increase, etc.
A. Lit.: “
arbores,”
Lucr. 1, 254; so, “
fruges, arbusta, animantes,”
id. 1, 808: “
omnia paulatim crescunt (with grandescere alique),”
id. 1, 190 sq.: “
ut (ostrea) cum lunā pariter crescant pariterque decrescant,”
Cic. Div. 2, 14, 33: “
in lecticis crescunt (infantes),”
Quint. 1, 2, 7: “
cresce, puer,”
Ov. M. 2, 643 et saep.: “
in cujus domo creverat,”
had grown up, been reared,
Suet. Oth. 1; cf.: “
Alexander per quinquennium sub Aristotele doctore mclito crevit,”
Just. 12, 16, 8: “
Nilus in aestatem crescit campisque redundat,”
Lucr. 6, 713; cf. “
of the same,”
id. 6, 737: “
Liger ex nivibus creverat,”
Caes. B. G. 7, 55 fin.: “
in frondem crines, in ramos bracchia,”
to grow into,
Ov. M. 1, 550; cf.: “
in ungues manus,”
id. ib. 2, 479: “
in immensum Atlas,”
id. ib. 4, 661: “
in latitudinem,”
to increase in breadth,
Col. Arb. 17: “
in longitudinem,”
Plin. 11, 37, 87, § 216: “
super ora caputque onus,”
Ov. M. 12, 516: “
ut clivo crevisse putes,”
id. ib. 8, 191 et saep. —
B. Trop.
1. In gen.,
to grow, increase, to be enlarged or
strengthened: “
cum Atheniensium opes senescere, contra Lacedaemoniorum crescere videret,”
Nep. Alcib. 5, 3; so, “
hostium opes animique,”
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 45: “
non animi tantum, sed etiam vires crescebant,”
Liv. 5, 46, 4: “
animus laude crescit,”
Quint. 1, 2, 3;
Curt. 4, 6, 13;
Just. 19, 1, 8: “
animus crevit praetori,”
Liv. 44, 4, 1: “
cujusvis opes contra illius potentiam,”
Sall. C. 17, 7: “
cujusquam regnum per scelus,”
id. J. 14, 7: “
potentia paucorum (opp. plebis opes imminutae),”
id. C. 39, 1;
Liv. 4, 2, 2 et saep.: “
haec (mala) primo paulatim,”
Sall. C. 10, 6: “
primo pecuniae, deinde imperii cupido,”
id. ib. 10, 3: “
fuga atque formido latius,”
id. J. 55, 7: “
licentia,”
id. C. 51, 30: “
inopia omnium,”
Liv. 21, 11, 12: “
rerum cognitio cottidie,”
Quint. 12, 11, 17: “
quā ex re creverat cum famā tum opibus,”
Nep. Alcib. 7 fin.; cf.: “
(Saguntini) in tantas brevi creverant opes,”
Liv. 21, 7, 3: “
Rhodiorum civitas populi Romani opibus,”
Sall. C. 51, 5; cf.: “
qui malo rei publicae,”
id. ib. 51, 32: “
usque ego postera Crescam laude recens,”
Hor. C. 3, 30, 8: “
a brevibus in longas (iambi),”
Quint. 9, 4, 136.—
2. In partic.,
to rise or
increase in distinction, honor, courage, etc.,
to be promoted or
advanced, to prosper, to become great, attain honor: “
accusarem alios potius, ex quibus possem crescere,”
Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 83: “
ex invidiā senatoriā,”
id. Clu. 28, 77: “
ex his,”
Liv. 29, 37, 17: “
ex me,”
id. 35, 19, 5: “
de uno isto, de multis,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 173: “
dignitate, gratiā,”
Nep. Att. 21, 1; cf.
id. ib. 10, 3; and
absol.: “
crescendi in curiā occasio,”
Liv. 1, 46, 2: “
cresco et exsulto et discussā senectute recalesco, quotiens, etc.,”
Sen. Ep. 34, 1; cf.: “
gaudet et ex nostro crescit maerore Charaxus,”
Ov. H. 15, 117: “
hic uno modo crescere potest, si se ipse summittat, etc.,”
Plin. Pan. 71, 4.
fervĕre, fervĕo
(Source of fervent, effervescent)
fervĕo , bŭi, 2, or fervo , vi, 3 (the latter form ante-and post-class., Plaut. Pseud. 3, 2, 51; Lucr. 2, 41 al.; poet. in class. per., e.g. Verg. G. 1, 456; id. A. 8, 677; Prop. 2, 8, 32;
I.“
not in Hor.: si quis antiquos secutus fervĕre brevi media syllaba dicat, deprehendatur vitiose loqui, etc.,”
Quint. 1, 6, 7), v. n. root
φρυ-, to wave, flicker; Sanscr. bhur-, be restless; cf.
φρέαρ, Germ. Brunnen, Lat. fretum; v. Fick, Vergl. Wört. p. 140;
Georg Curtius Gr. Etym. p. 304,
to be boiling hot,
to boil,
ferment,
glow (class.; most freq. in poets.; syn.: calere, aestuare, ebullire, ardescere, ignescere; ardere, flagrare, tepere).
I. Lit.
(α). Form ferveo: “
cum aliqua jam parte mustum excoctum in se fervebit,”
Col. 12, 19, 5: “
quaecumque immundis fervent allata popinis,”
steam,
smoke,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 62: “
bacas bullire facies: et ubi diu ferbuerint,”
Pall. Jan. 19: “
exemptusque testa, Qua modo ferbuerat Lyaeus,”
Stat. S. 4, 5, 16: “
stomachus domini fervet vino,”
Juv. 5, 49.—
(β). Form fervo: fervit aqua et fervet: fervit nunc, fervet ad annum, Lucil. ap.
Quint. 1, 6, 8: quando (ahenum) fervit, Titin. ap.
Non. 503, 5: facite ut ignis fervat, Pomp. ap.
Non. 504, 27: “
postea ferve bene facito (brassicam): ubi ferverit, in catinum indito,”
Cato, R. R. 157, 9: “
sol fervit,”
is hot,
Gell. 2, 29, 10.—
II. Poet. transf.
2. To be in a ferment,
to swarm with numbers; to come forth in great numbers,
to swarm forth: fervĕre piratis vastarique omnia circum, Varr. ap.
Non. 503, 22: “
Marte Fervĕre Leucaten,”
Verg. A. 8, 677; cf.: “
opere omnis semita fervet ... Quosque dabas gemitus, cum litora fervĕre late Prospiceres,”
id. ib. 4, 407 sq.: “
fora litibus omnia fervent,”
Mart. 2, 64, 7: “
forte tuas legiones per loca campi fervere cum videas,”
Lucr. 2, 41: “
fervere classem,”
id. 2, 47; Att. ap. Paul. ex
Fest. p. 78 Müll. (Trag. v. 483 Rib.): “
fervent examina putri De bove,”
Ov. F. 1, 379;
Val. Fl. 6, 588;
Sil. 6, 317;
9, 243 al.—
III. Trop., to burn or glow, to be heated, inflamed or agitated, to rage, rave.
(α). Form ferveo: “
usque eo fervet efferturque avaritia, ut, etc.,”
Cic. Quint. 11, 38; cf.: “
fervet avaritiā miseroque cupidine pectus,”
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 33: “
et fervent multo linguaque corque mero,”
Ov. F. 2, 732: “
animus tumida fervebat ab ira,”
id. M. 2, 602: “
fervet immensusque ruit profundo Pindarus ore,”
rages,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 7: fervet opus redolentque thymo fragrantia mella,
glows, i. e.
is carried on briskly,
Verg. G. 4, 169;
Lucil. Aetna, 167: “
inter vos libertorumque cohortem Pugna fervet,”
Juv. 5, 29: “
equus cui plurima palma fervet,”
shines,
id. 8, 59.—
Poet., with
inf.: sceptrumque capessere fervet,
burns, i. e.
eagerly desires, Claud. ap.
Ruf. 2, 295: “
stagna secare,”
id. B. Gild. 350.—
(β). Form fervo: heu cor irā fervit caecum, amentiā rapior ferorque, Att. ap.
Non. 503, 7; cf.: “
cum fervit maxime,”
Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 18 (
Prisc. p. 866 P.): hoc nunc fervit animus, hoc volo, Afran. ap.
Non. 503, 9: “
domus haec fervit flagiti,”
Pomp. ib. 8: “
se fervere caede Lacaenae,”
Val. Fl. 7, 150; cf.: “
hostem fervere caede novā,”
Verg. A. 9, 693.—
Pass. impers.: quanta vociferatione fervitur! Afran. ap.
Non. 505, 25.— Hence,
fervens , entis, P. a.,
boiling hot,
glowing,
burning.
A. Lit.: “
foculi,”
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 67: “
aqua,”
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67; cf.: “
ferventissima aqua,”
Col. 12, 50, 21: ferventes fusili ex argilla glandes, *
Caes. B. G. 5, 43, 1: “
rotae,”
swift,
Sil. 2, 199; cf.
Ov. P. 1, 8, 68: “
aurum,”
shining,
Mart. 10, 74, 6: “
in cinere ferventi leniter decoquere,”
Plin. 25, 8, 50, § 90: “
saxa vapore,”
Lucr. 1, 491: “
cera,”
Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 127: “
dictamnum fervens et acre gustu,”
id. 25, 8, 53, § 92: “
horae diei,”
id. 17, 22, 35, § 189: “
vulnus,”
smoking,
warm,
Ov. M. 4, 120: “
ferventia caedibus arva,”
Sil. 9, 483: “
(fluvius) Spumeus et fervens,”
raging,
Ov. M. 3, 571: “
vultus modesto sanguine,”
glowing,
blushing,
Juv. 10, 300.—
Subst.: “
si ferventia os intus exusserint,”
Plin. 30, 4, 9, § 27.—
B. Trop.,
hot,
heated,
inflamed,
impetuous: “
fortis animus et magnus in homine non perfecto nec sapiente ferventior plerumque est,”
too ardent and impetuous,
Cic. Off. 1, 15, 46: ferventes latrones,
violent,
furious, Planc. ap.
Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 3: “
quale fuit Cassi rapido ferventius amni Ingenium,”
impetuous,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 62: “
meum Fervens difficili bile tumet jecur,”
id. C. 1, 13, 4: “
fervens ira oculis,”
sparkling,
Ov. M. 8, 466: “
mero fervens,”
drunken,
Juv. 3, 283.—
Sup.: “
in re ferventissima friges,”
Auct. Her. 4, 15, 21.— Hence, adv.:
ferventer ,
hotly,
warmly: ferventer loqui, Cael. ap.
Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 2; cf.: “
ferventissime concerpi,”
id. ib. 8, 6, 5: “
ferventius,”
Aug. de Genes. ad Lit. 2, 5.